新题型指导系列讲座(一)
创建时间:2014年12月08日
所属分类: 教学教研

自从2015年高考使用全国卷的消息落实以来,很多同学都有一种忐忑的心情:变化如此之大,我们能不能适应全国卷的题型,考出自己应有的水平?其实,不管什么题型,其宗旨是考察同学们的英语水平,只要大家水平提高了,具备了一定的运用语言的能力,无论什么题型都能考好。当然,针对新题型做适应性训练还是很有必要的。为了帮助同学们更好地适应新题型,训练时更高效,我们就新题型分别给予指导。本期先讲讲听力训练。 

做好听力题的“二十字”方针

听力试题在高考中占30分,由5个短对话、4段长对话和一段独白构成。短对话只读一遍,长对话和独白读两遍。只要注意方式方法,集中训练3个月应对高考绝对没有问题。我根据自己的经验总结出20字方针:提前审题,大胆预测,小心求证,前后联系,综合判断。

    做好听力题的前提条件:心平气和。听力考试的特点是不可回顾性,不像阅读,读一遍没看懂,可以再看一遍。录音放完就完了,不可能再来一遍,尤其是前5个短对话。正是由于这个特点,保持心情平静尤为重要。有的同学就是因为紧张,心情不够平和而导致听力失分严重。还有的同学因为第一个题没听清而念念不忘,导致接下来的几个题都错了。所以,保持平和的心态,听不懂时要勇于放弃是做好听力的先决条件。

    20字方针解读:

    提前审题,大胆预测:提前审题,做到心中有数,以便从容应对。审题审什么?1. 审疑问词。 2. 审主语。 3. 审选项。 如:2014年全国卷I 第一节第1小题:

     What does the woman want to do? 

     A. Find a place.   B. Buy a map.  C. Get an address.  

审题时应注意到疑问词what不是when, who, how where等,主语是the woman,不是 the man, 或其他人。同时,根据以上信息大胆进行预测:如果选A,很可能是问路的对话;如果是B,很可能是购物的对话;如果是C,则很可能是完成什么任务而要地址的对话。

小心求证:当然,我们的预测不会完全正确,需要在听的过程中边听边修正自己的预测,切记不要听到什么选什么。还以第1小题为例:三个选项中的关键词place, map, address在对话中都有提及,同学们必须听完整段对话后才能做出判断。在做诸如What’s the probable relationship between the speakers? What is the possible ending of the story?之类的题目时还可以根据语气、语调、题干中出现的关键词、对话中出现的关键词等进行综合判断。如下文提到的第八段材料,根据对话中International Airport, the company car, besides, the company pays for our trip including hotel hand food 又可以判断对话中的人物关系是同事。 

前后联系,综合判断:在短对话中要注意听完整段对话后再作判断,在长对话中更是如此。长对话的好处是可以听两遍,第一遍不要急于下结论,可以先试选,第二遍听时验证后再作为最终选项。坏处是对话比较长,要求听者注意前后联系,综合作出判断。如2014年全国卷第7段材料:

When will the man be home from work?

       A. 5:45       B. At 6:15        C. At 6:50

9. Where will the speakers go?

  A. The Green House Cinema.    B. The New State Cinema.    C. The UME Cinema.

表面上看,只有第8小题与时间有关,但其实第9小题的答案也必须考虑时间因素,综合判断得出结论。再比如第八段材料的三个小题(见下文),根据题干和选项之间的联系可作如下预测:两同事关于乘飞机去New York的对话。如能做出这样的预测,听力就变得非常简单,只需验证就可以了。

How will the two speakers go to New York?   A. By Air.   B. By taxi.   C. By bus.

Why are the speakers making the trip?

        A. For business.       B. For shopping.      C. For holiday.

12. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?

   A. Driver and passenger.    B. Husband and wife.    C. Fellow workers.

    另外,听力水平还与连读、失去爆破、升降调都有关系,但是高考中涉及不多,英语四、六级考试涉及较多,同学们可根据自己的情况训练。 

附:听力材料原文

Text 7

W: What do you want to do tonight?

M: How about going to the cinema? I should be home from work at 5:45. Then we can go out and 

   eat before we see a film.

W: What do you want to see?

M: There’s a good art film at the Green House Cinema.

W: Let’s see…it starts at 6:15. I don’t think we can get there in time to see the beginning. How 

   about the action film at the New State Cinema? It starts at 6:50. Perhaps the 7:00 one at the 

   UME Cinema is even better. It stars Jackie Chan.

M: OK, that’s fine. I like him, too.

Text 8

M: Hey, Lucy. Do you have some time to talk about next week’s trip with me?

W: Sure, Dave.

M: OK. So, we’re leaving on Monday from Hartsfield International Airport, and returning on 

   Friday. Do we take ourselves to the airport? Maybe we need to book a taxi, or just go by bus.

W: No, we don’t have to. The company car will pick us up and take us there.

M: Oh, that’s good. When?

W: Our flight leaves at 11:00 a.m., so they should pick us up between 8:00 and 9:00 a.m. Besides, 

   the company pays for our trip, including hotel and food.

M: How much will that be?

W: Well, New York is a pretty expensive city. So, each of us will get $200 a day.

M: Oh, OK. Thanks for telling me that.

W: You’re welcome.


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